Monday, July 10, 2017

1898: Dr. Hollopeter: What Causes Asthma?

According to William Hollopeter in his 1898 book "Hay-fever and its successful treatment, there were essentially two causes of hay fever: (1, page 47)
  1. An exciting cause (heat, pollen, dust, sunlight, etc.)
  2. A preexisting, underlying condition 
Provided statistics of the era, Hollopeter said that relatively few people have hay fever, which verifies that some "underlying condition, predisposition, or idiosyncrasy can hardly be doubted. Exactly what this is, or on what it depends, is unknown." (1, page 47)

Holopeter said that the first person to talk about a predisposition to developing hay fever was Dr. Abbots Smith in 1865.  Likewise, Holopeter said: (1, page 47)
This predisposition or idiosyncrasy has generally suddenly developed without apparent reason. It has been argued that it is systematic or central, and that it is due to some local abnormality of the mucous membrane, the capillaries, or the periphery of nerves. Once acquired, however, it is seldom lost, and it apparently increases with each successive year.
The following are the major predisposing factors:
  1. Race: English and Americans are the most susceptible.  One physician went as far to suspect that sine Americans and English were the most likely to drink tea, that perhaps tea somehow affected the nervous system causing hay fever. Although the Chinese and Japanese drink tea as well, and there's a low incidence of the disease in those nations. 
  2. Geographic distribution:  It is rarely found in northern regions, such as Canada, Norway, Sweden and Denmark.  It is most commonly seen in the U.S., Europe, and to some degree New Zealand and Australia. Even in the U.S. and England is is not commonly found along the seashore and at high elevations.  It is difficult to know exactly where it's most likely to occur. (Dr. Wyman published maps for where it's most likely to occur in his 1872 book "Autumnal Catarrh." (1, pages 49-52
  3. Heredity:  George Beard was the first to postulate a nervous origin of hay fever, and that it was acquired through inheritance. Various physicians have shown evidence of the malady among the various generations of the family tree (Morill Wyman, F.H. Bosworth, Morell Mackenzie) (1, page 53)  
  4. Sex:  Generally, "of the 433 cases cited by Phoebus, Wyman and Beard, only 143, about one-third, were females." So the tendency is that it affects males more so than females.  Morell Mackenzie also noted the trend, noting he had 38 male patients with hay fever, and only 23 females. The theory is that "men are more exposed to the exciting causes such as dust, heat, pollen, etc., although females are more neurotic."(1, page 54)(2, page 96-7)
  5. Age: While occasionally occurring in people over the age of 60, it generally first appears in people under the age of 40. (1, page 55)  In many cases of childhood onset hay fever, many cases are regarded as the common cold, unless the parents were also afflicted with it (hence suggesting the hereditary component). 
  6. Education: Holopeter notes pretty much the same as every other author on the subject, that: "Most all writers on this subject have observed that the disease attacks the better educated classes and those of fair social position. It is rarely met with among the laboring classes. This would seem to emphasize the view that the disease is essentially a neurosis. From the notes of sixty-one cases of hay-fever in private practice, and the sight of many others of which no record was kept, Morell Mackenzie found all the patients persons of some education, and recalled having seen none among his hospital patients. Of fortyeight cases of Blackley, all were educated, and Wyman made the same observation. Edmund W. Holmes has shown that the ignorant classes are not so likely to recognize the disease as a distinct affection, and apply for medical aid." (1, page 55)(3, page 204)
  7. Occupation and Mode of life: The "rustic" and farmers are much more exposed to exciting causes and therefore are less susceptible to developing hay fever. Others suggest it only effects the wealthy because they have a higher intelligence.  (1, page 56)  Wyman observed, among the occupations he observed, those most likely to have hay fever have "indoor jobs requiring but little manual labor," such as merchants and manufacturers. Wyman notes that only three farmers in his little study had hay fever, and this was of interest to him.  He surmised that they probably did have hay fever, "  (2, page 99-100) 
Of this observation regarding the low number of farmers with hay fever and the high number of merchants and manufacturers, Wyman writes the following: (2, page 100)
"It is not a little remarkable that of those who must make up the largest class in the community, so few should be reported as subjects. It may be that the disease with them is light, and therefore overlooked entirely, or not thought of sufficient importance to apply for medical aid. This, to a certain degree, is not improbable, for we find that physicians to whom application is made, do not all recognize it sufficiently to ask whether the disease has recurred annually, nor do the patients think it worth mentioning, even if it has been observed and remembered. It is by no- means infrequent for a person to experience several pretty severe annual attacks before it occurs to him that probably these are returns of one and the same disease. Still, the mechanics and farmers of New England are too intelligent and too well educated to allow the disease to escape their observation entirely. If many applied for treatment at the dispensaries of the large cities, the fact would appear in their annual reports. No such disease is mentioned.
I am inclined to think, therefore, that the disease is less severe or less frequent with those that labor, than with those whose employments are attended with less muscular exertion. The result, perhaps, of a life more in accordance with the rules of health, in this respect, for the mechanics and farmers of New England, as a general rule, are as well housed, clothed, and fed, so far as health is concerned, as those who are among the richer and in some respects more favored classes. This question, however, can only be satisfactorily settled when a knowledge of the disease becomes more general."
The following are theories as to what might cause hay fever:
1.  Pollen Theory:  It is the most generally recognized as the cause of hay fever, and while it was a speculated cause prior to the 1860s, experiments by Dr. Charles Blackley proved it during experiments he performed between 1866 and 1878.  He proved that contact with pollen to the mucus membrane causes inflammation and redness, and hay fever symptoms. He wrote that there is a direct relationship between the amount of pollen in the air and hay fever symptoms. For more on Blackley's pollen theory of hay fever you can click here. 

2.  The Neurotic Theory: Holopeter basically refers to George Beard, who in 1876 postulated the nervous  theory of hay fever, and made light to allay the "misconception" that nervous meant "debility and emaciation." Holopeter notes that Beard explains the truth to be more along the lines that the nervous system is full of full of "great strength and endurane." In those with hay fever, some exciting cause "excites" the nervous system to cause the symptoms of hay fever.  Beard explains that the the disease and the tendency to be transferred from one generation to another was all based on this nervous theory.  No evidence has yet been shown of how the nervous system causes the hay fever symptoms. (You can read more about Beard's Nervous Theory of Hay Fever by clicking here)(1, page 57-60) 
  • Vasomotor susceptibility:  Vasomotor refers to the nervous systems ability to regulate dilation and contraction of blood vessels.  In hay fever it has a tendency to cause dilation of the blood vessels lining the respiratory tract and eyes, hence hyperaemia and inflammation (catarrh) and your hay fever symptoms. That this happens "indicates a neurotic tendency." Some suspect it may or may not be due to lesions. A similar event occurs with asthma, only the dilation and hyperaemia occurs in among the air passages of the lungs.  (Hyperaemia refers to increased blood flow to a certain region of the body) Hollopeter notes that "Bosworth is inclined to think a peculiar lack of vasomotor control characterizes the neurotic manifestations." (1, page 57-60)
  • Idiosyncracy:  The fact hay fever has idiosyncratic means it's neurotic.  By this, the body of the hay fever sufferer is oversensitive to some exciting cause. 
3.  Local Disease Theory: Some sort of local disease (polyp, deviated septum, rhinitis, obstructed nasal passages, etc.) may be the cause of the disease. When the polyp is removed, the hay fever may be cured. Hollopeter quotes Mackenzie:  "there exists in the nose a well-defined sensitive area whose stimulation through a local pathologic process, or through an extra irritation, is capable of producing an excitation which finds its expression in a reflex act or in a series of reflected phenomena."  Bosworth suggested these were generally the effect rather than the cause of hay fever. Some physicians propose such local agents cause both hay fever and asthma. (1, page 62-64)

4.  The Uric Acid Theory:   In 1893, Dr. Seth S. Bishop, as quoted by Hollopeter, wrote: "an excess of uric acid in the blood causes hay fever, or nervous catarrh."  Hollopeter notes that excess uric acid in the blood "causes certain disturbances of a vascular and neurotic character. Haig wrote that excess uric acid causes contraction of arterioles and capillaries, and this opinion was verified by Thomas J. Mays. Murchison, Conklin, Ebstein, Quinquad, and others. Bishop in 1894 speculated that regulation of uric acid should be regarded as a treatment for hay fever. Mays believed that while uric acid was the cause, hay fever was still nervous and, therefore, still hereditary. Although Dr. Capp suggests that the presence of excess uric acid may actually cause "a central nervous irritation." This results in "nerve currents" that are uncontrolled by the normal functions of the body, and result in the abnormal response of hay fever.  (1, pages 64-71)

References:
  1. Hollopeter, William Clarence, "Hay-fever and its successful treatment," 1898, Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's Son and Co.
  2. Wyman, Morill, "Summer Catarrh," 1876 (first edition was published in 1872), New York, Hurd and Houghton
  3. Holmes,

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    ReplyDelete
  20. i already gave up on ever getting cured of HSV2 because i have try many treatment none of them work out for me i have go to different hospital they always tell me same thing there is no cure for herpes when i came across a post about Dr oyagu, in the net from a lady called Rebecca i contacted him and he reassured me with him herbal medicine which i took according to the way he instructed, that how i was cured. I doubted at first because i have been to a whole lot of reputable doctors, tried a lot of medicines but none was able to cure me. so i decided to listen to him and he commenced treatment, and under two weeks i was totally free from Herpes. i want to say a very big thank you to DR oyagu for what he has done in my life. feel free to leave him a message on email oyaguherbalhome@gmail.com and also WhatsApp him +2348101755322..
    He can still be able to help you with this herbs medicine:
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    ReplyDelete
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    ReplyDelete
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    Via Email: Dragabasolutionhome@gmail.com or WhatApp: +2349074536486  

    ReplyDelete
  23. Happiness is all i see now I never thought that I will be cured from HERPES virus again. I have been suffering from a deadly disease (HERPES) for the past 3 years now, I had spent a lot of money going from one places to another, from churches to churches, hospitals have been my home every day residence. Constant checks up have been my hobby not until this faithful day, I was searching through the internet, I saw a testimony on how DR agaba helped someone in curing his HERPES disease, quickly I copied his email which is Dragabasolutionhome@gmail.com just to give him a test I spoke to him, he asked me to do some certain things which I did, he told me that he is going to provide the herbal cure to me, which he did, then he asked me to go for medical checkup after some days after using the herbal cure, behold I was free from the deadly disease, he only asked me to post the testimony through the whole world, faithfully am doing it now, please brothers and sisters, he is great, I owe him in return. if you are having a similar problem just email him on : Dragabasolutionhome@gmail.com or WhatApp: +2349074536486

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  24. Am really grateful and thankful for what Dr Oliver has done for me and my family. i have be suffering from HERPES for good three years with no solution, the diseases almost took my life and because was unable to work and I was also losing lots of money for medication, but one faithful day when I went online, I met lots of testimonies about this great man so I decided to give it a try and to God be the glory he did it. If you need his help or you also want to get cured just the way I got mine, just email him (droliverherbalcenter@gmail.com ) or Whats App:+2348075376153 Contact Him Today and get cured.

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  25. I am here to spread this good news to the entire world on how Dr Emu helped me solve my infertility problem and i am so happy now that i am now a mother because for over 4 years i have been trying to get pregnant and needed help, i and my husband always go for medical check up and the doctor always say that the both of us are fine and i have nowhere else to get help from and all hope was almost lost until one day i visited a friend of mine and i told her what i was passing through and she introduce me to this great spell caster called Dr Emu who helped her when she was in need of help, so i took a try to contact Dr Emu through his email and i explain all my problem to him and after we have talked he perform an infertility spell for me and after that he told me what i should do, and i followed the instruction he gave and after that he instructed to sleep with my husband and also i followed the instruction and he said that the next week i should go for medical check up and the doctor confirmed that i was 4 months pregnant and i was so happy that all my sorrows were gone for ever, i am so very happy now and also you need any kind of help or the same line with mine, contact Dr Emu on his email: emutemple@gmail.com or Call/Text his whatsapp phone number +2347012841542

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  26. My name is God'swill luckcent by name, I am from United Kingdom, i was diagnosed with Herpes for 2months, i lived in pain with the knowledge that i wasn't going to ever be well again. So I contacted Dr ONOBUN GABRIEL (WATER), so before than
    doctors on this issue have wasted a large sum of money, but my condition never got better, i was determined to get my life back, so one day i saw a post from (John Lucy) from United States on how Dr ONOBUN GABRIEL (WATER) saved her from the VIRUS with his herbal medicine cure, i contacted Dr ONOBUN GABRIEL (WATER) on his email onobunwinhome@gmail.com we spoke on the issue, i told him all that, through that I need cure on my herpes diesass and DR ONOBUN GABRIEL (WATER) told me that we need to buy some items for the cure, that I will have to send him the money through Western Union to buy the items by him self so that the spell will work for me for the cure and i DID send it fast and quick in, through Western Union at the Bank. so, that same day, once him have receive the money I sent to him, on Western Union Dr ONOBUN GABRIEL (WATER) called me on Phone and told me that him have receiver the money that he is about to buy all the items him need for the casting of the spell and for the casting of the spell the spell will work for cure for me, and Dr also told me that, not to worry that everything will be fine soon and again once him have cast the cure spell on me, so he prepared the casting of the spell medicine on me and send it to me through Bible service air fine and told me how to use it that day, after that day of usage it, i get cured. I went to see the doctor for test ,then the result was cured ,i am the happiest man on his MUM earth ESTHER ONOBUN UWANPARA. this testimony is real.thanks to Dr ONOBUN GABRIEL (WATER) for helping me cure me. God bless DR ONOBUN GABRIEL (WATER) All your day will been well. you can also contact him on his email onobunwinhome@gmail.com or his Mobile phone number +2349132393661
    Dr ONOBUN GABRIEL( WATER )
    Also cure and brings EX back as followings,
    1 HIV/ADIS herbal cure.
    2 Cancer herbal cure.
    3 Joint break cure.
    4 herpes herbal medicine cure.
    5 jelee rice cure.
    6 HPV herbal medicine cure.
    7 Diabetes cure.
    8 get your ex back.
    9 Pregnancy Spell.
    10 HTP cure.
    11 Hepatitis airzzies cure.
    12 Covid 19 coronia vires cure.
    13) Asthma Cure.
    (14) I want to Get my Ex Back.
    (15) Tinnitus herbal cure.

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  27. 5 years ago I had warts, I was treated with some liquid applied to the warts they continued to grow and spread... The next 2 doctors did laser surgery to remove them. 1 year after the surgery, they grew back close to where the 1st ones were' so I was finally told it was hpv. I have had it for very long time, I contract it from my cheated boyfriend and I found out he was also infected and I end up the relationship between us. the warts was so embarrasses because it started spreading all over I have be dealing with this things for very long time the last treatment I take was About 2 years ago I applied natural treatment from Dr Eromosele herbal cure, a week after applying the treatment all the warts was gone. it's now 2 years and some months I don't have single wart or any symptoms of hpv. wow"" it's great, Dr Eromosele has finally cured me. Anyone living with hpv contact Dr Eromosele for natural treatment.
    His email address: dreromosele156@gmail.com Or whatsapp him +2348075799423

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  28. I'm so excited right now, I just have to share my testimony on this Forum.. The feeling of being loved takes away so much burden from our shoulders. I had all this but I made a big mistake when I cheated on my wife with another woman  and my wife left me for over 4 months after she found out..  I was lonely, sad and devastated. Luckily I was directed to a very powerful spell caster Dr Emu who helped me cast a spell of reconciliation on our Relationship and he brought back my wife and now she loves me far more than ever.. I'm so happy with life now. Thank you so much Dr Emu, kindly Contact  Dr Emu Today and get any kind of help you want.. Website (https://emutemple.wordpress.com/) Via Email emutemple@gmail.com or Call/WhatsApp cell number  +2347012841542 

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  29. Do you know that there is a great herbal doctor who can cure any deadly disease like herpes, hiv/aids, cancer, syphilis, madness, hepatitis b, STD e.t.c. well my main purpose of writing this to the whole world is about the great deeds DR ODOMA  did for me. I was diagnosed with a deadly disease called HPV in 2006, ever since then I have been taking medications on till i met a great herbal doctor. Although I never believed in Herb medicine, I saw many testimonies on how he cured so many people and I decided to contact him. so i contacted him through his email, he gave me a form to fill, i filled it and sent it back to him and then he told me that he would require some items to prepare a herbal medicine for me. i didn't know where to find the items, and he told me that the only alternative is to help me get the items and he helped me purchase the items from the items seller. i promised myself to do anything to get cured, so i sent him the money and he prepared a medicine for me and he told me how i will be taking it. He asked me to have faith and believed in him which I did, 7 days later he asked me to go for a check-up, when I did the check-up I was tested for HPV Negative. All thanks to DR ODOMA. If you are passing through suffering and hardship and you need a way out , I advise you kindly contact him via his email on    drodomasolutionhome20@gmail.com  . You can also WhatsApp +2348100649947He is a specialist in all kinds of sickness and he can bring your EX back with his great spell.

    CURES,CASTING SPELL
    HIV/AIDS,PENIS ENLARGEMENT MANHOOD
    CANCER,
    HERPES,
    HEPATITIS B AND C,
    HERB FOR PREGNANCY,
    PROTECTION,
    EX BACK,
    GOOD LUCK,
    PROMOTION,
    ETC.
    EMAIL: drodomasolutionhome20@gmail.com
    or whatsapp +2348100649947

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  30. My name his Steve Maries and I am from United State.I am so happy today, and i also appreciate the genuine work done by one love spell caster DR ONOBUN GABRIEL(WATER). And to give me the right direction to get back my Ex, so today I got my wish fulfilled under the guidance of my love Spell caster Dr ONOBUN GABRIEL (WATER). ❤️ love is an important part of relationship. I can understand this, when my boyfriend had cheated on me and dump me, by engaging another girl’s with affairs at that time, I was Broken and realized the importance of love when my boyfriend, dump me in my life in relationship with him of love. My boyfriend did not give me the importance's of true love, and he always embarrassed me in front of his friends and family's, and I love my boyfriend so much. Then I search on the Internet to fine a spell caster that can
    bring back Ex, fine on me “one day" I find a real spell caster Called DR ONOBUN GABRIEL (WATER) So I got the contact number +2349132393661 and his Email onobunwinhome@gmail.com of this spell caster DR ONOBUN GABRIEL (WATER)” then I drop a message on his email that I want my Ex boyfriend back, because I so much love my boyfriend and also on his WhatsApp Number too, and I explain all my problems that is happening with me. So then Dr ONOBUN GABRIEL (WATER) show me his previous work done by himself and how he had help so many people to get there Ex back and also help so many pretty once to get cured in there diesass and sinkness and to guide me on how the work will be done. Then i start work to get my boyfriend back in a positive way that Dr ONOBUN GABRIEL (WATER) have interested me to do to get my boyfriend back, to start giving me respect and also never to leave me again for another girl. Then and now, I am 😀 so happy and thankful to Dr ONOBUN GABRIEL (WATER). So Dr ONOBUN GABRIEL (WATER)
    prepared a magic spell and cast a spell on my boyfriend to get him back to me, immediately, it work, my boyfriend
    was back within 24hrs time and now my Ex boyfriend his back to me now begging me in positive and nagative side effects, and to have him back again,
    and my boyfriend promise now that he will never, to leave me again for another girl. Me and my boyfriend is 🍷 wine forever more. I am so happy now that my Ex boyfriend is back by DR ONOBUN GABRIEL (WATER) spell. Dr said I should share is testimony on interview and internet once my boyfriend is back to me, and that is why I am sharing his good testimony in the internet and interview to have others to come for help in contact. So if you have a broke up with your Ex, contact Dr ONOBUN GABRIEL (WATER) on his email onobunwinhome@gmail.com and explain, Or call his phone Number or Whatsapp +2349132393661 for help.



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